Researchers at the UPM and the CSIC have developed
biomaterials for bone regeneration from beer brewing waste.
As a result of a research study conducted by
researchers from the Centre for Biomedical Technology of Universidad
Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) and the Institute of Materials Science and the
Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas (CSIC), all in collaboration with the Mahou and Createch Co., have
developed biocompatible materials to be used as support for bone regeneration
from the food industry waste, mainly bagasse (residue) from beer brewing. These
new materials can be considered as an alternative to the prosthesis made from
processed sheep bones or synthetic materials which are more expensive and more
harmful to the environment.
The waste obtained from the beer brewing process
contains the main chemical components found in bones (phosphorus, calcium,
magnesium and silica), that after undergoing modification processes, this waste
can be used as support or scaffold to promote bone regeneration for medical
applications such as coating prosthesis or bone grafts. The waste usage from
the food industry is a great source of raw material recovery rich in chemical
diversity, and simultaneously it can reduce the impact generated by the
accumulation of waste in the environment
So far, the usage of synthetic materials as bone
substitutes is the most used therapy for treatment of bone diseases. The
therapeutic strategies are based on stiff porous scaffolds made of
biocompatible materials to be used as molds. These molds will provide
mechanical stability and will promote the growth of the new bone tissue that
helps its regeneration.
The synthetic calcium phosphates are frequently used
as matrices and coatings for orthopedic implants because of their resemblance
to the composition of a bone. These materials are often obtained through
chemical reactions of complex synthesis that use toxic reagents (for example
benzoyl peroxides benzene and aniline) and calcinations at high temperatures
close to 1500 ° C. As a result of this process, we obtain bioceramics but just
after adding silicon through the hydrolysis of TEOS and sintering over 1,100 °
C.
The billing of the brewing sector was €2,990 million
in 2012, almost covering completely the total production of malt and hops in
the country. The most common products in the production process are bagasse,
yeast and malt dried residues.
Bagasse is constituted by organic waste from malt,
never experiencing modifications afterwards. This is the reason why bagasse is
considered a subproduct, commonly used to make fodder and it is inexpensive.
The treatments applied to bagasse residue in this research give as a result a
new material rich in silicon, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium. The analysis
of this new material shows the presence of interconnected pores of between 50
and 500 microns in diameter which is similar to the porosity of cancellous
bone. All this would facilitate the complete vascularization after the bone
implant.
A first approach using cell cultures has established
the biocompatibility of the materials by analyzing the cell viability of
cultured osteoblasts in the presence of powder materials components. Then,
after compacting and sintering the materials that became 3D solid matrixes, the
ability of bone-like cells to adhere to these materials were analyzed. Also,
researchers analyzed how these materials proliferate and distinguish from the
mature bone cells which are able to express typical markers of bone phenotype
such as alkaline phosphatase and to conduct the collagen synthesis and
mineralization of the extracellular matrix.
Story Source:
The above story is based on materials provided by
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Note: Materials may be edited for content
and length.
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